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Betty Lippmann * 1878
Neanderstraße 22 (Hamburg-Mitte, Neustadt)
HIER WOHNTE
BETTY LIPPMANN
JG. 1878
EINGEWIESEN 1940
HEILANSTALT LANGENHORN
"VERLEGT" 23.9.1940
BRANDENBURG
ERMORDET 23.9.1940
"AKTION T4"
Betty Lippmann, born 6.1.1878 in Hamburg, murdered on 23.9.1940 in the killing centre Brandenburg an der Havel
Neuer Steinweg 22, corner of Ludwig-Erhard-Straße (previously Neuer Steinweg 51)
Betty Lippmann was one of five children of the jewish couple Leffmann Mendel Lippmann, born 1844 in Hamburg, and Hanna née Beer. Betty`s mother, Hanna, came from an extended Hamburg family. She had eleven brothers and sisters: two stepsisters, Julie and Emma, from the first marriage of her father, Beer Mendel Beer (later Hirsch Mendel Beer) and nine siblings from his second marriage.
Beer Mendel Beer was born around 1812. His first marriage was to Berta Beer, née Marcus, born 7 Jan. 1826 in Hamburg. After his divorce Beer Mendel Beer married Röschen, née Prag, in 1851. She was born in Hamburg in 1827. One of the ten children of this couple was Hanna, Betty Lippmann's mother. Beer Mendel Beer died in 1893, Röschen Beer in 1895. Berta Beer, Mendel`s first wife, outlived both of them. She died on 28 July 1908 aged 82 in Bornstrasse 8 in the Grindelviertel, part of the Rotherbaum district. In her death certificate, she is described as the widow of the former butcher Beer Mendel Beer.
Hanna Beer, born on 13 June 1853 in Hamburg and the merchant Leffmen Mendel Lippmann married on 22 Oct. 1872. From this marriage came Siegfried Lippmann, born on 25 April 1876, Betty Lippmann, born on 6 Jan. 1878, Clara Lippmann, born on 19 Nov. 1880, Emma Lippmann, born on 6 April 1882 and Hedwig Lippmann, born on 1 Feb. 1885. Two other children in 1878 and 1883 were stillborn.
The family initially lived in Hamburg-Neustadt, but then moved to Kiel. Betty Lippmann, whose mother died there in 1900 or 1901, was considered eccentric as a child, but was said to have learned well at school. She worked as a saleswoman and cashier.
On 11 March 1901, at the age of 23, Betty Lippmann was admitted for the first time to the psychiatric clinic of the University Hospital in Kiel because of mental health problems. The discharge was followed by further stays of several months in clinics in Kiel until, in 1906, Betty Lippmann was finally admitted to the Provincial Nursing Institution Neustadt/Holstein for fourteen years, interrupted by occasional holidays with relatives in Kiel and Hamburg.
At the beginning of 1920, the family had the impression that Betty who was allowed to take city walks, could take on a job outside the institution. However, the State Governor of the Schleswig Holstein Province commented negatively: "I reply to you with dignity that your sister Betty unfortunately cannot be helped from here to find a job because, according to the medical dossier I have requested, she does not seem suitable for work outside the institution in view of the great instability of her psychic balance”.
In March 1920, at Betty`s request and against the advice of the management of the Institution, Hedwig Kloot, Betty`s younger sister who had married in the meantime, obtained her transfer to the Provincial Nursing Institution Schleswig-Stadtfeld. Betty Lippmann had already converted to Christianity before this. Her patient file contains a brief note on her religious affiliation, entered when she was admitted to Schleswig: "Mosaic now Protestant”. The change of religion is not documented in detail. Already three months later, her change to Schleswig turned out to be a wrong decision. Betty missed the tranquility and the Baltic Sea climate which she had experienced in Neustadt. During a holiday in Kiel, she turned to the State Governor of the Prussian Province Schleswig Holstein, Karl Graf von Platen-Hallermund, with an urgent letter. She requested emphatically and at the end successfully to be transferred back to Neustadt. Betty Lippmann seems to have been contented with the conditions there. In the run-up to an examination in the University Women's Clinic in Kiel, the Neustadt institution described her as follows in 1930: "Frl. B. Lippmann is a tranquil mentally unstable person with abundant psychogenic characteristics. She enjoys free access to the town here and carries out errands both willingly and reliably”.
In 1932, Betty Lippmann was diagnosed with an eye complaint which was to be cured in the eye clinic of the Hamburg University Hospital. From the exchange of letters concerning the coverage of the costs for this treatment we know that Betty Lippmann lived in the Emilien-Foundation of the diaconal institution Anscharhöhe in Lokstedt (now Hamburg-Eppendorf), Tarpenbekstraße 107, for the period of her eye treatment. Afterwards, she returned to Neustadt.
In April 1937, Betty Lippmann made an attempt to get discharged from Neustadt. She was now 59 years old and hoped for accommodation in a Christian Old Peoples Institution in Hamburg. The attempt was not successful. She stayed in Neustadt for several more years.
In Spring/Summer of 1940, the "Euthanasia” central office in Berlin, Tiergartenstrasse 4, planned a special operation against Jews living in public and private Nursing and Care Institutions. Jewish people living in such institutions had to be registered and concentrated in so-called collection institutions. The Nursing and Care Institution Hamburg-Langenhorn was designated as the collection institution for Northern Germany. All establishments in Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg were instructed to transfer all the Jews living in their institutions to Langenhorn by 18 Sept.
Betty Lippmann arrived in Langenhorn on 13 Sept. 1940. Together with a further 135 male and female patients from North German institutions, she was transported to Brandenburg an der Havel on 23 Sept. 1940. The transport reached the city in the Mark Brandenburg on the same day. The patients were immediately herded into the gas chambers in a part of the former prison which had been converted into a gas extermination centre and murdered with carbon monoxide. Only Ilse Herta Zachmann initially escaped this fate (see entry on her).
We do not know whether or when Betty Lippmann’s relatives were informed of her death. In all the notifications which have been documented, it was claimed that the person concerned had died in Chelm (Polish) or Cholm (German). On Betty Lippmann’s Birth Registration record it was also noted that her death had been registered by the Registry Office Chelm II under Ref 280/1941. However, the people murdered in Brandenburg had never been in Chelm/Cholm to the east of Lublin. The Polish sanatorium which had previously been did not longer exist after SS units had destroyed it and murdered nearly all the patients on 12 Jan. 1940. There also was no German Registry Office in Chelm. Its invention and the use of dates of death later than the real ones served to cover up the murders and, at the same time, to make a charge for the costs of living for a correspondingly longer period of time.
Hedwig Kloot, née Lippmann, who had cared intensively for her sister Betty, died on 21 Sept. 1922, her husband Hans Kloot on 6 May 1923, both of them aged only 37.
Clara Lippmann lived in Vienna and was probably married there. She died on 15 August 1969 in the Vienna Mariahilf Hospital.
Nothing is known about the fate of Emma and Siegfried Lippmann.
Translator: Steve Robinson
© Ingo Wille
Quellen: 4; 5; AB; StaH 133-1 III Staatsarchiv III, 3171-2/4 U.A. 4, Liste psychisch kranker jüdischer Patientinnen und Patienten der psychiatrischen Anstalt Langenhorn, die aufgrund nationalsozialistischer "Euthanasie"-Maßnahmen ermordet wurden, zusammengestellt von Peter von Rönn, Hamburg (Projektgruppe zur Erforschung des Schicksals psychisch Kranker in Langenhorn); 332-3 Zivilstandsaufsicht B 49 Heiratsregister Lippmann/Beer Nr. 2438/1872; 332-5 Standesämter 872 Sterberegister Nr. 381/1923 Hans Kloot, 347 Sterberegister Nr. 1158/1893 Beer Mendel Beer, 851 Sterberegister Nr. 1432/1922 Hedwig Kloot, 1882 Geburtsregister Nr. 2122/1876 Siegfried Lippmann, 1927 Geburtsregister Nr. 83/1878 Betty Lippmann, 1985 Geburtsregister Nr. 5529/1880 Clara Lippmann, 2027 Geburtsregister Nr. 1709/1882 Emma Lippmann, 2099 Geburtsregister Nr. 603/1885 Hedwig Beer, 2058 Geburtsregister Nr. 4350/1883 Lippmann ohne Namen, 7897 Sterberegister Nr. 510/1895 Röschen Beer, 7992 Sterberegister Nr. 360/1908 Berta Beer, 8937 Geburtsregister Nr. 1152/1879 Lippmann ohne Namen; Landesarchiv Schleswig LAS Abt. 377 Nr. 3810 Patiententakte Betty Lippmann; 352-8/7 Staatskrankenanstalt Langenhorn Abl. 1/1995 Aufnahme-/Abgangsbuch Langenhorn 26. 8. 1939 bis 27. 1. 1941; JSHD Forschungsgruppe "Juden in Schleswig-Holstein", Datenpool Erich Koch, Schleswig; Adressbuch der Stadt Kiel 1914.
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